5 · Partitioning & consistency · CAP, PACELC & consistency models

CAP, PACELC & consistency models

CAP
During a network Partition, choose Consistency (refuse/err) or Availability (answer, possibly stale). P isn't optional in distributed systems.
PACELC
…Else (no partition), trade Latency vs Consistency. More useful day to day than CAP.
Strong consistency
Every read sees the latest write. Needs coordination (consensus, quorum) → slower.
Eventual consistency
Replicas converge if writes stop. Fast and available; reads may be stale.
Quorum (R + W > N)
With N replicas, writing to W and reading from R guarantees overlap → you read the latest value.

1. Bank balance during a partition — C or A?

2. Like counts on a post during a partition?

3. N=3. Which (W, R) guarantees reading the latest write?

Answered 0 / 3

Explain Pick a shard key for a multi-tenant SaaS app's tables and explain the trade-off.